Our Book Selections of the Month feature timely, curated texts that illuminate truth, deepen critical analysis, awaken memory, challenge erasure, and guide educational transformation toward liberation.
Home / Digital Library References
I’m Professor Jamal Turner, and in this video, we’ll dive into Critical Race Theory and the racial taxonomy behind white supremacy. We’ll trace how these categories were fabricated in colonial pseudoscience and arm ourselves with the tools to dismantle them. Get ready to unravel the myths that have shaped our world.
Adeyemi, K. (2023). Cultural memory and the reclamation of histories: African diaspora and counter-narratives. Journal of Cultural Reclamation, 8(1), 78–98. DOI: 10.1163/18725465-bja10034
Ahmed, S., & Sharma, R. (2023). Impact of culturally responsive pedagogy on learning engagement and academic performance.
https://eric.ed.gov/
Alexander, M. (2010). The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. The New Press.
Ani, M. (1994). Yurugu: An African-Centered Critique of European Cultural Thought and Behavior. African World Press. Internet Archive.
Aldridge, D.P. (2020). Teachers in the movement: Pedagogy, activism, and freedom. History of Education Quarterly, 60(1), 1-23.
https://doi.org/10.1017/heq.2020.6
Aldridge, D.P. (2015). The ideas and craft of the critical historian of education: Critical approaches to the study of higher education: A
practical [DM5] [JT6] introduction. Johns Hopkins University Press.
Allen, A., Hancock, S. D., Starker-Glass, T., & Lewis, C. W. (2017). Mapping culturally relevant pedagogy into teacher education
programs: A critical framework. Teachers College Record, 119(1), 1-26.
https://doi.org/10.1177/016146811711900107
Anya, U. (2021). Critical race pedagogy for a more effective and inclusive world language Teaching. Applied Linguistics, 42(6), 1055–1069
https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amab068.
Asante, M. K. (1988). Afrocentricity: The Theory of Social Change. Africa World Press.
Banks, J. A. (1998). Multiculturalism’s five dimensions. In M. Tucker (Ed.), Educating citizens in a multicultural society (22-95). Teachers
College Press.
Bell, D. (1988). And we are not saved: The elusive quest for racial justice, Michigan Law Review, 86(6), 1130–1135.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1289158.
Bell, D. (1972). Brown v. Board of Education and the interest-convergence dilemma. Harvard Law Review, 93(3), 518-533.
Ben-Jochannan, Y. (1993). African Origins of Major Western Religions. Black Classic Press.
Bernal, M. (1987). Black Athena: The Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilization. Rutgers University Press. Internet Archive.
Bernasconi, R. (2001). Kant and the Invention of Race. Hackett Publishing. Internet Archive.
Boas, F. (1940). Race, Language, and Culture. Free Press. Internet Archive.
Bonilla-Silva, E. (2001). Rethinking Racism: Toward a Structural Interpretation. Rowman & Littlefield.
Bonilla-Silva, E. (2017). What we were, what we are, and what we should be: The racial problem of American sociology. Social Problems,
64(2), 179–187. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26370899
Brookings Institution. (2018). Educator Bias and Racial Disparities in Schools. Brookings Press.
Brown, K., & Itzigsohn, J. (2019). Du Bois and Double Consciousness. Princeton University Press.
Budge, E. A. W. (1932). Queens of Ancient Egypt. Dover Publications
Burke, J., Wu, T., & Risk, M. (2019). Structural racism in education: Impacts on student self- worth and achievement. Academic Press.
Cann, R. L., Stoneking, M., & Wilson, A. C. (1987). Mitochondrial DNA and Human Evolution. Nature.
Chesnutt, C. (1901). The Marrow of Tradition. Houghton Mifflin. Internet Archive
Copur-Gencturk, Y., Thacker, I., & Cimpian, J. R. (2023). Teachers’ race and gender biases and the moderating effects of their beliefs and dispositions. International Journal of STEM Education, 10(31).
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-023-00420-z
Coates, T.-N. (2014). The Case for Reparations. The Atlantic
Crenshaw, K. (2019). Seeing race Again: Countering colorblindness across the disciplines. University of California Press.
Crenshaw, K. W. (1988). Race, reform, and retrenchment: Transformation and legitimation an anti-discrimination law. Harvard Law
Review, 101(7), 1331-1387.
Crenshaw, K. (1995). Critical Race Theory: The Key Writings That Formed the Movement. The New Press.
D’Andrea, M., & Daniels, J. (2020). Institutional racism and the need for critical dialogue in university settings. Education Policy Review,
35(1), 45-60.
DeCuir-Gunby, J. T., & Schutz, P. A. (2024). The evolution of race-focused and race- reimaged approaches in educational psychology:
Future directions for the field. Educational Psychology Review, 36, Article https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-024-09873-2
Delgado, R. (1989). Storytelling for oppositionists and others: A plea for narrative storytelling. Michigan Law Review,
(8)7https://ssrn.com/abstract=1577362.
Delgado, R., & Stefancic, J. (2017). Critical race theory: An Introduction (3rd ed.). New York University Press.
Diamond, J., & Gomez, A. (2020). The Socialization of White Supremacy in Education. Routledge.
Diamond, J. B., & Gomez, L. M. (2023). Disrupting white supremacy and anti-Black racism in educational organizations. Education
Researcher, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X231161054
Diop, C. A. (1981). The African Origin of Civilization: Myth or Reality. Lawrence Hill Books. Internet Archive.
Diop, C. A. (1987). Precolonial African Warfare. Chicago Review Press. Internet Archive
Diop, C. A. (1981). Civilization or Barbarism: Authentic Anthropology. Lawrence Hill Books Internet Archive.
Dixson, A. D., & Rousseau Anderson, C. (2018). Where are we? Critical race theory in education 20 years later. Peabody Journal of
Education, 93(1), 121–131 https://doi.org/10.1080/0161956X.2017.1403194.
Du Bois, W.E.B. (1903). The Souls of Black folk” by A. C. McClurg & Co., Chicago. Internet Archive,
Du Bois, W. E. B. (1899). The Philadelphia Negro: A social study. University of Pennsylvania Press. Internet Archive.
Duchesneau, F. (2023). Blumenbach on the varieties of the human species. Humankind and Humanity in the Philosophy of the
Enlightenment, 209. https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9781350142947_A47080903/preview-
9781350142947_A47080903.pdf
Duzgun, E. (2022). Radicalising global IR: Modernity, capitalism, and the question of Eurocentrism. The Chinese Journal of International
Politics, 15(3), 313–333. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjip/poac012
Douglass, F. (1845). Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. Anti- Slavery Office. Internet Archive
Evans, L., & Martinez, V. (2020). Racial constructs and their consequences: Unraveling the social construction of race. Journal of Ethnic
Studies, 38(2), 145–167. https://doi.org/10.1080/12345678.2020.1234567
Eze, E. C. (1997). Race and the Enlightenment: A Reader. Blackwell Publishing.Internet Archive.
Eze, E. C. (1997). The Color of Reason: The Idea of Race in Kant’s Anthropology. University of Minnesota Press. Internet Archive.
Fanon, F. (1952). Black Skin, White Masks. Grove Press. Internet Archive
Freire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the Oppressed. freire.pdf
Escayg, K. A. (2019). “Who’s got the power?” A critical examination of the anti-bias curriculum. International Journal of Early Childhood
Education Policy, 6(13), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40723-019-0062-9
Ford, D. Y. (2017). Culturally responsive classrooms: Addressing the achievement gap. Research Gate. EJ874024.pdf.
Gates Jr., H. L. (2014). Phillis Wheatley on Trial. Harvard University Press. Internet Archive.
Gates, H. L. Jr. (1988). The Signifying Monkey: A Theory of African American Literary Criticism. Oxford University Press. Internet Archive.
Gates, H. L. Jr. (1993). The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness. Harvard University Press. Internet Archive.
Gates, H. L., Jr., & McKay, N. Y. (Eds.). (1996). The Norton anthology of African American literature. W. W. Norton & Company. Internet
Archive.
García, J., & O’Donnell, J. (2022). Transformative ethnic studies in schools: Curriculum, pedagogy, and research. Teachers College Press
Garnet, H. H. (1843). An Address to the Slaves of the United States of America. National Negro Convention.
Gay, G. (2018). Culturally responsive teaching: Theory, research, and practice (3rd Ed.). Teachers College Press.
Gay, G. (2022). Using inquiry-based learning to create a culturally responsive classroom. ELT Weekly.
http://eltweekly.com/2022/05/using-inquiry-based-
Geary, D. C., & Xu, K. M. (2022). Evolution of self-awareness and the cultural emergence of academic and non-academic self-concepts.
Educational Psychology Review, 34(4) 2323-2349DOI: 10.1007/s10648-022-09669-2
Gildersleeve, R. E., Croom, N. N., & Vasquez, P. L. (2011). “Am I going crazy?!”: Critical race analysis of doctoral education. Equity &
Excellence in Education, 44(1), 93– https://doi.org/10.1080/10665684.2011.539472
Gildersleeve, R. E. (2022). Race and racism in higher education. About Campus, 27(4), 3-3. https://doi.org/10.1177/10864822221134355.
Givens, J. R. (2021). Fugitive pedagogy: Carter G. Woodson and the art of Black teaching. Harvard University Press.
https://doi.org/10.4159/9780674259102.
Gomez, F. (2021). Tracing Our Shared Genetic Heritage: The Role of Mitochondrial Eve. Journal of Genetic Anthropology
Gómez, R. F., Bennett, E., & Cammarota, J. (2023). The battle for curriculum: Arrested semantics and reconciling racism with critical race theory and ethnic studies. Race Ethnicity and Education, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/13613324.2023.2239726
Gomez, R., & White, S. (2021). Anti-racist pedagogy in higher education: A critical literature review. Journal of Critical Education Studies, 29(4), 37–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/987654321.2021.987654
Gooding, W.R. (2020). W.E.B. Du Bois, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://plato.stanford
edu/archives/spr2020/entries/dubois.
Gordon, W. R., Smith, J. A., & Lee, K. T. (2021). Developing the curriculum: Improved outcomes through systems approach (9th ed.). The
Pearson Educational Leadership Series.
Graves, J. L. Jr. (2014). The Emperor’s New Clothes: Biological Theories of Race. Rutgers University Press.
Groves, P. (2020). Critical race theory. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Educational
https://oxfordre.com/education/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190264093.001.0001/acrefore-9780190264093-e-1.
Grynaviski, J., & Munger, M. (2017). Reconstructing Racism: Transforming Racial Hierarchy from “Necessary Evil” into “Positive Good.”
Social Philosophy and Policy
Gutiérrez, G., & Müller, G. L. (2015). On the side of the poor: The theology of liberation. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Press.
Hammond, Z. (2023). Culturally responsive teaching and the brain: Promoting authentic engagement and rigor among culturally and
linguistically diverse students. Corwin.
Harmon, D. A. (2012). Culturally responsive teaching through a historical lens: Will history repeat itself? Interdisciplinary Journal of
Teaching and Learning, 2(1), 12–22. https://www.bing.com/search?q=harmon%2C+d.+a.+(2012).
Harper, S. R. (2023). Race without racism: How higher education researchers minimize racist institutional norms. Journal of Higher
Education, 94(2), 123–145.
Harris, C. I. (1993). Whiteness as property. Harvard Law Review, 106(8), 1707-1791
Harrison, F. V. (1991). Decolonizing Anthropology. American Anthropological Association.
Haque, F. (2016). Shakespeare’s The Tempest represents the themes of colonialism, racism and social hierarchy. The English Literature
Journal, 3(5), 738–741. http://english.aizeonpublishers.net/content/2016/5/eng738-741.pdf
Hayvon, J. C. (2024). Action against inequalities: A synthesis of social justice & equity, diversity and inclusion frameworks. International
Journal for Equity in Health, 23(1), DOI for the article is 10.1186/s12939-024-02141-3.
Heidegger, M. (1962). Being and Time (J. Macquarrie & E. Robinson, Trans.). Harper & Row. Internet Archive.
Hilliard, A. G. (2001). The Reawakening of African Consciousness. Third World Press.
Horne, G. (2014). The Counter-Revolution of 1776: Slave Resistance and the Origins of the United States of America.Internet Archive.
.Huggins, N. I. (1971). Harlem Renaissance. Oxford University Press. Internet Archive.
Hunter, T. (2023). Practicing culturally relevant pedagogy: A literature review of classroom implementation. Oxford University Press.
https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci10050124.
Hunwick, J. O. (1999). Timbuktu and the Songhay Empire: Al-Sa’di’s Ta’rikh Al-Sudan Down to 1613 and Other Contemporary Documents. Brill Academic Publishers. Internet Archive.
Hurston, Z. N. (1935). Mules and Men. J.B. Lippincott. Internet Archive.
Hurston, Z. N. (1937). Their Eyes Were Watching God. J.B. Lippincott. Internet Archive. PDF
Husserl, E. (1962). The crisis of European sciences and transcendental phenomenology. Northwestern University Press. Internet Archive.
Jablonski, N. G. (2012). Living Color: The Biological and Social Meaning of Skin Color. University of California Press. Internet Archive.
Jackson, J. G. (1970). Introduction to African Civilization. Citadel Press. Internet Archive.
Jackson, G. L. (1970). Blood is My Eye. University Press Internet Archive.
Jacobs, H. (1831). Incidents in the life of a slave girl. https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1103.Internet Archive.
James, G. G. M. (1954). Stolen Legacy: Greek Philosophy is Stolen Egyptian Philosophy. EWorld Publishing. Internet Archive.
Jefferson, T. (1785). Notes on the State of Virginia. J.W. Randolph. Internet Archive.
Kambon, K. (2019). The African Unconscious. Routledge Internet Arcive.
Karp, J. (2024). Slavery, abolition, emancipation, and freedom. Houghton Library. https://curiosity.lib.harvard.edu/slavery-abolition-
emancipation-and-freedom/feature/civil-war-1861-1865
Karp, J. (2011). Jim Crow and the American Education System. Cambridge University Press.
Kartsonaki, A. (2024). The strategic use of legitimizing norms in unilateral declarations of independence. Global Studies Quarterly, 4(2).
DOI: 10.1093/isagsq/ksae042.
Keay, K. (2022). White Lies Matter: The Evolution, Persistence, and Impact of Scientific Racism. Western Washington University Honors
Projects.
Kendi, I. X. (2020). Deconstructing Black-White Binary Thinking. One World Publications. Internet Archive.
Kendi, I. X. (2016). Stamped from the Beginning: The Definitive History of Racist Ideas in America. One World. Internet Press
King, J. L. (2017). Education research in the Black liberation tradition: Return what you learned to the people. Journal of Negro Education, 86(2), 95-114. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1215755
Koppelman, K. L. (2020). Understanding human differences:Multicultural education for a diverse America (6th Ed.). Pearson.
Ladson-Billings, G., & Tate, W. F. (1995). Toward a critical race theory of education. Teachers College Record, 97(1), 47-68.
https://doi.org/10.1177/016146819509700104
Ladson-Billings, G. (2021). Culturally relevant pedagogy: Celebrating 25 years of transforming education. American Educational
Research Journal, 57(1), 163-184.
Ladson-Billings, G. (1995). Toward a theory of culturally relevant pedagogy. American Educational Research Journal, 32(3), 465-491.
Ladson-Billings, G. (2021). The Dreamkeepers: Successful teachers of Black children (2nd ed.). Jossey-Bass.
Ladson-Billings, G. (2021). Three decades of culturally relevant, responsive, and sustaining pedagogy: What lies ahead? The Educational Forum, 85(4), 351- https://doi.org/10.1080/00131725.2021.1957632
Lamsal, H. L. (2024). Critical pedagogy in addressing social inequality and promoting social justice in education. Advances, 5(3), 77-83.
DOI: 10.11648/j.advances.20240503.12
Lawrence, S., & Hylton, K. (2022). Critical race theory, methodology, and semiotics: The analytical utility of a “race” conscious approach for visual qualitative research. Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies, 22(3), 255–265.
https://doi.org/10.1177/15327086221081829
Lazaridou, F., & Fernando, S. (2022). Deconstructing institutional racism and the social construction of whiteness: A strategy for
professional competence training in culture and migration mental health. Transcultural Psychiatry, 59(2), 175–
Ledesma, M. C., & Calderón, D. (2015). Critical race theory in education: A review of the past literature and a look to the future.
Qualitative Inquiry, 21(3), 206–222. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077800414557825.
Lee, C. N. (2022). Beyond the four frames of colorblind ideology: Theorizing the impact of colorblind racism on Black millennials’ racial
views. Phylon, 59(1), 3–24. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27150912.
Leonardo, Z. (2009). Race, Whiteness, and Education. Routledge.
Linebaugh, P., & Rediker, M. (2000). The Many-Headed Hydra: Sailors, Slaves, Commoners, and the Hidden History of the Revolutionary Atlantic. Beacon Press.
Li, H., & Okafor, C. (2022). Revisiting historical narratives: Deconstructing false constructs in world history. History and Memory, 34(3),
191–210. https://doi.org/10.1093/hm/34.3.191
Lin, J. C. P. (2023). Exposing the chameleon-like nature of racism: A multidisciplinary look at critical race theory in higher education.
Higher Education 85(1), 1085–1100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-022-00879-9.
Lopes, I. (2018). African Contributions to Global Medicine. Oxford University Press
Lynch, W. (1712). The Willie Lynch letter and the making of a slave. Long Island City, NY: African Tree Press.
https://archive.org/details/willielynchlette0000lyn.c
Marks, J. (2017). Human Biodiversity: Genes, Race, and History. Routledge. Internet Archive Matsuda, M. J., Lawrence, C. R., Delgado, R., & Crenshaw, K. W. (1993). Words that wound: Critical race theory, Assaultive speech, and the First amendment.
Westview Press.
Mba, C (2018). Philosophy and the Rise of ultra-nationalism in contemporary Euro-American politics, Afo-ecology, The Journal of Pan-
African Studies .11(8) HTTP: www.japanafrican.org/docs/- Mba-final.pdf.
McCarthy, T. (2018). Critical Philosophy of Race: Kant, Hegel, and Du Bois. University of Minnesota Press. Internet Archive.
McDougal, S. (2014). Africana studies’ epistemic identity: An analysis of theory and epistemology. Discipline. Journal of Black Studies,
18(2), 236–250. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43525547.
Meer, N. (2019). W. E. B. Du Bois, double consciousness, and the ‘spirit’ of recognition. The Sociological Review, 67(1), 47-62.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0038026118765370.
Merleau-Ponty, M. (1945). Phenomenology of perception. Éditions Gallimard. PDF.
Miller, J. C. (2012). The Problem of Slavery as History. Yale University Press. Internet Archive.
Mills, C. (2017). Deconstructing Racism in White Consciousness. Oxford University Press. Internet Archive.PDF
Morning, A. (2008). Everyone knows it’s a social construct: Contemporary science and the nature of race. Sociological Theory, 26(3), 232- 257 https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2007.10571319
Nardo, A. (2021). Exploring a Vygotskian theory of education and its evolutionary foundations. Educational Theory, 71(3), 331- 349.
https://doi.org/10.1111/edth.12345.
Nasar, J. (2018). W.E.B. Du Bois, double consciousness, and the spirit of recognition. The Sociological Review, 66(1), 1-43.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0038026118765370.
Nasar, S. (2021). Recognition and Race. Harvard University Press.
Nasir, T. (2024). Reframing the narrative: Challenging Eurocentrism in modern world economic historiography. Intellectual Discourse,
32(2), Article 2182. https://doi.org/10.31436/id.v32i2.2182
Norris, K. (2022). The theological origins of white supremacy: In witnessing whiteness. Oxford Academic Press.
https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190055813.003.0003. Internet Archive
Oakland Literacy Coalition. (2023). Our Impact. https://oaklandliteracycoalition.org/our-work/our-impact/
Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2019). Annual report 2019: Human rights- based actions bring tangible results.
Retrieved https://www.ohchr.org/en/stories/2020/06/annual-report-2019-human-rights-based-
Omi, M., & Winant, H. (2014). Racial Formation in the United States. Routledge. Internet Archive.
Osei, A. (2023). Decolonizing knowledge: Reclaiming African contributions to global intellectual history. African Studies Review, 66(1), 22– 45. https://doi.org/10.1017/ASR.2023.003
Paris, D., & Alim, H. S. (2023). Culturally sustaining pedagogies: Teaching and learning for justice in a changing world. World. Teachers
College Press.
PBS Resource Bank (2005). David Walker’s Revolutionary Writings.
PBS Resource Bank (2005). Henry Highland Garnet’s Call for Slave Revolt.
PBS Resource Bank (2005). Maria Stewart’s Contributions to Abolition.
PBS Stewart, M. (1831). Political and Religious Lectures. Garrison and Knapp.
PBS Walker, D. (1829). Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World. John Ball Printing Office.
Ramdeholl, D., & Jones, J. (2023). Confronting institutionalized racism in higher education: Counternarratives for racial justice. New York, NY: Routledge.
Rentzi, A. (2023). Social justice in education: Creating an inclusive culture at schools through critical multicultural theory. European
Journal of Education and Pedagogy, 5(1), 1- https://ej-edu.org/index.php/ejedu/article/view/802 [3](http.
Rivera, M., & Johnson, K. (2020). Intersectionality in curriculum: Decolonizing Eurocentric history. Curriculum Inquiry, 50(1), 45–64.
https://doi.org/10.1080/14678688.2020.1765432
Rodney, W. (1972). How Europe Underdeveloped Africa. Howard University Press.
Roediger, D. (1998). The Wages of Whiteness: Race and the Making of the American Working Class. Verso Books. Internet Archive.
Roediger, D. R. (1998). Black on White: Black writers on what it means to be White. Schocken Books. Internet Archive.
Rosenberg, J. (2019). Epistemology: A Contemporary Introduction. Routledge. Internet Archive.
Sandals, D. (2023). Ain’t no achievement gap: Anti-literacy laws and the literacy divide. Journal of Black Studies, 27(7), 172-186.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12111-023-09678-9
Sandals, M. (2023). The Decline of Literacy Among Enslaved Black People. Oxford University Press. Internet Archive.
Singh, R., & Brown, T. (2021). Challenging dominant narratives: A comparative analysis of colonial and postcolonial epistemologies.
Postcolonial Studies Quarterly, 17(2), 134– https://doi.org/10.1080/14608944.2021.1589476
Skibba, R. (2019, May 20). The disturbing resilience of scientific racism: How racist biases continue to maintain a foothold in research today. Scientific American.
Scott-Jones, G. (2020). The traumatic impact of structural racism on Blacks. Delaware Journal of Public Health, 6(5), 80-82.
https://doi.org/10.32481/djph.2020.11.019
Sleeter, C. E., & Carmona, J. F. (2021). Un-standardizing curriculum: Multicultural teaching in the standards-based classroom. Teachers
College Record, 123(2), 1-25.
Smedley, A. (1999). Race in North America: Origin and Evolution of Worldview. Westview Press. Internet Archive.
Smith, W. A., & Harper, S. R. (2021). Racial battle fatigue in higher education: Exposing the myth of post-racial America. Rowman &
Littlefield.
Solomos, J., & Back, L. (2020). Theories of race and racism: A Reader (2nd ed.). Routledge.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003060802.Inyernet Archive
Solórzano, D. G., & Yosso, T. J. (2023). Critical race methodology: Counter-storytelling as an analytical framework for educational
research. Routledge
Templeton, A. R. (1998). Human Races: A Genetic Reality or Social Myth? American Anthropologist. Internet Archive
Thomas, D. S. P., & Quinlan, K. M. (2023). Reimagining curricula: Effects of cultural insensitivity of curricula on racially minoritized
students’ engagement. Studies in Higher Education, 48(2), 283–298. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2022.2134332
theory and research (39). Springer International Publishing.
Tolay, J. (2021). Inadvertent reproduction of Eurocentrism in IR: The politics of critiquing Eurocentrism. Review of International Studies,
47(Special Issue 5), 692–713. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210521000176
Tsosie, R. (2022). Institutional racism and the ethics of inclusion: What does justice require to transform institutions of higher education?
In J. McGregor & M. C. Navin (Eds.), Education, inclusion, and justice (11). Springer.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-
04013-9.
Turner, J.-J. (2021). Ripples of time: Memoir of a former Black Panther. Hotep Book Publishing. Internet Archine
Ugur, H., Constantinescu, P.M., & Stevens, M.J. (2015). Self-awareness and personal growth: Theory and application of Bloom’s taxonomy. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 60, 89-110. Doi: 10.14689/ejer.2015.60.6.
Van Lamoen, P. M., Meeuwisse, M., Hiemstra, A. M. F., Arends, L. R., & Severiens, S. E. (2024). Supporting students’ transition to higher education: the effects of a pre-academic program on sense of belonging, academic self-efficacy, and academic achievement. European Journal of Higher Education, 1–22.
https://doi.org/10.1080/21568235.2024.2331122
Van Manen, M. (1990). Researching lived experience: Human science for an action sensitive pedagogy. SUNY Press. Internet Archive.
Van Sertima, I. (1976). They Came Before Columbus. Random House. Press. Internet Archive. Random House.
Van Sertima, I. (2009). The Lost Sciences of Africa: An Overview. Transaction Publishers. Internet Archive.
Wah, Y. L., & Nasri, N. B. M. (2019). A systematic review: The effect of culturally responsive pedagogy on student learning and achievement. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(5).
https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v9-i5/5907
Wallace, B. (2022). Black critical theory in action: Analyzing the specificity of (anti)Blackness. Black Studies, 26(4), 375-392.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12111-022-09594-2
Walker, R. (2011). When we ruled: The ancient and medieval history of Black civilization’s. Black Classic Press.
Walker, R. (2014b). The rise and fall of Black Wall Street and the seven key empowerment principles. CreateSpace Independent
Publishing Platform. Internet Archive.
Walker, R. (2025). African ancient origins: Stories of people & civilization. Flame Tree Collections. Internet Archive Warikoo, N., Sinclair, S., Fei, J., & Jacoby-Senghor, D. (2016). Examining racial bias in education: A new approach. Educational
Researcher, 45(9), 508-https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X16683408
Weir, K. (2016). Inequality at school: What is behind the racial disparity in our educational system? American Psychological
Association.47(10), 42. https://www.apa.org/monitor/2016/11/cover-inequality-school
Williams, E. R. (2018). First things first: Privilege, power, and pedagogy: The antecedent of assessment (equity response). Urbana, IL:
University of Illinois and Indiana University, National Institute for learning Outcomes Assessment (NILOA).
Williams, C. (1976). The Destruction of Black Civilization: Great Issues of a Race from 4500 B.C. to 2000 A.D. Third World Press. Internet Archive.
Williams, E. (1994). Capitalism and Slavery. University of North Carolina Press. Internet Archive
Woodson, C.G. (1933). The miseducation of the negro http://www.jpanafrican.org/ebooks/3.4eBookThe%20Mis Education.pdf
Woodson, C. G., & Snyder, J. A. (2015). Progressive education in Black and white: Rereading Carter G. Woodson’s The miseducation of the Negro. History of Education Quarterly, 55(3), 273–293. https://doi.org/10.1111/hoeq.12122
Yawp, A. (1860). Harriet Jacobs on Rape and Slavery. Internet Archives.
Zack, N. (1997). Ideas of Race in the History of Modern Philosophy. Blackwell Publishing.
Adeate, T., & Sewchurran, A. (2023). African epistemologies and the decolonial curriculum.
Acta Academica, 55(1).
Anderson, R. (n.d.). Afrofuturism and world order. Ohio State University Press.
Ani, M. (1994). Yurugu: An African-centered critique of European cultural thought and behavior. Africa World Press.
Asante, M. K. (1998). The Afrocentric idea (Rev. ed.). Temple University Press.
Bynum, E. B. (2012). The African unconscious: Roots of ancient mysticism and modern psychology. Teachers College Press.
Butler, O. E. (1979). Kindred. Beacon Press.
Butler, O. E. (1995). Bloodchild and other stories. Seven Stories Press.
Dei, G. J. S. (2012). Indigenous philosophies and critical education: A reader. Peter Lang.
Delany, M. R. (2000). Blake; or, The huts of America (F. S. Rollins, Ed.). Beacon Press.
(Original work published 1859–1862)
Dery, M. (1994). Black to the future: Interviews with Samuel R. Delany, Greg Tate, and Tricia
Rose. In M. Dery (Ed.), Flame wars: The discourse of cyberculture (pp. 179–222). Duke University Press.
Diop, C. A. (1974). The African origin of civilization: Myth or reality (M. Cook, Trans.).
Lawrence Hill Books.
Du Bois, W. E. B. (1903). The souls of Black folk. A. C. McClurg & Co.
Du Bois, W. E. B. (1920). The comet. In Darkwater: Voices from within the veil (pp. 179–190).
Harcourt, Brace and Howe.
Hopkins, P. E. (2012). Of one blood; or, The hidden self. Washington Square Press. (Original work published 1903)
Lavender III, I., & Yaszek, L. (Eds.). (2020). Literary Afrofuturism in the twenty-first century.
Ohio State University Press.
Shockley, K. M., Bunche Smith, T., & Durden, T. (2021). African-centered education practice
guide: Transformative, culturally responsive practices for Black children’s excellence.
Equity Research Action Coalition.
Strait, K. M., & Conwill, K. H. (Eds.). (2023). Afrofuturism: A history of Black futures.
Smithsonian Books. (Published in association with the National Museum of African American History and Culture)
Walker, R. (2006). When we ruled: The ancient and medieval history of Black civilizations.
Every Generation Media.
Wheatley, P. (1773). On imagination. In Poems on various subjects, religious and moral (pp. 95–98). A. Bell, Bookseller.
Womack, Y. L. (2013). Afrofuturism: The world of Black sci-fi and fantasy culture. Lawrence Hill Books.
Woodson’s 1933 classic is a searing indictment of the American education system’s failure to empower African Americans. He argues that Black students are not educated but indoctrinated—trained to accept inferiority and to seek validation within systems that exclude them. Through sharp critique and historical analysis, Woodson exposes how Eurocentric curricula erase African heritage and condition Black learners to serve rather than lead. His call for self-education, cultural reclamation, and Afrocentric pedagogy remains urgent today, especially in the context of curriculum reform and racial justice in schools. The book is both a blueprint for liberation and a mirror reflecting the psychological scars of systemic miseducation.
In Literary Afrofuturism in the Twenty-First Century, eminent contributors pay tribute to Afrofuturism as a powerful and evolving aesthetic practice that communicates the experience of science, technology, and race across centuries, continents, and cultures. While Ryan Coogler and Janelle Mon e may have helped bring the genre into contemporary pop consciousness, it in fact extends back to the writing of eighteenth-century poet Phyllis Wheatley and has continued in the work of Samuel R. Delany, Octavia E. Butler, N. K. Jemisin, and many others. In examining this heritage, contributors in this volume question generic boundaries, recover lost artists and introduce new ones, and explore how the meteoric rise of a new, pan-African speculative literary tradition may or may not connect with Afrofuturism.
Adeyemi, K. (2023). Cultural memory and the reclamation of histories: African diaspora and counter-narratives. Journal of Cultural Reclamation, 8(1), 78–98. DOI: 10.1163/18725465-bja10034
Ahmed, S., & Sharma, R. (2023). Impact of culturally responsive pedagogy on learning engagement and academic performance. https://eric.ed.gov/
Alexander, M. (2010). The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. The New Press.
Ani, M. (1994). Yurugu: An African-Centered Critique of European Cultural Thought and Behavior. African World Press. Internet Archive.
Aldridge, D.P. (2020). Teachers in the movement: Pedagogy, activism, and freedom. History of Education Quarterly, 60(1), 1-23.
https://doi.org/10.1017/heq.2020.6
Aldridge, D.P. (2015). The ideas and craft of the critical historian of education: Critical approaches to the study of higher education: A
practical [DM5] [JT6] introduction. Johns Hopkins University Press.
Allen, A., Hancock, S. D., Starker-Glass, T., & Lewis, C. W. (2017). Mapping culturally relevant pedagogy into teacher education
programs: A critical framework. Teachers College Record, 119(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1177/016146811711900107
Anya, U. (2021). Critical race pedagogy for a more effective and inclusive world language Teaching. Applied Linguistics, 42(6), 1055–1069.
https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amab068.
Asante, M. K. (1988). Afrocentricity: The Theory of Social Change. Africa World Press.
Banks, J. A. (1998). Multiculturalism’s five dimensions. In M. Tucker (Ed.), Educating citizens in a multicultural society (22-95). Teachers
College Press.
Bell, D. (1988). And we are not saved: The elusive quest for racial justice, Michigan Law Review, 86(6), 1130–1135.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1289158.
Bell, D. (1972). Brown v. Board of Education and the interest-convergence dilemma. Harvard Law Review, 93(3), 518-533.
Ben-Jochannan, Y. (1993). African Origins of Major Western Religions. Black Classic Press.
Bernal, M. (1987). Black Athena: The Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilization. Rutgers University Press. Internet Archive.
Bernasconi, R. (2001). Kant and the Invention of Race. Hackett Publishing. Internet Archive.
Boas, F. (1940). Race, Language, and Culture. Free Press. Internet Archive.
Bonilla-Silva, E. (2001). Rethinking Racism: Toward a Structural Interpretation. Rowman & Littlefield.
Bonilla-Silva, E. (2017). What we were, what we are, and what we should be: The racial problem of American sociology. Social Problems, 64(2), 179–187. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26370899
Brookings Institution. (2018). Educator Bias and Racial Disparities in Schools. Brookings Press.
Brown, K., & Itzigsohn, J. (2019). Du Bois and Double Consciousness. Princeton University Press.
Budge, E. A. W. (1932). Queens of Ancient Egypt. Dover Publications
Burke, J., Wu, T., & Risk, M. (2019). Structural racism in education: Impacts on student self- worth and achievement. Academic Press.
Cann, R. L., Stoneking, M., & Wilson, A. C. (1987). Mitochondrial DNA and Human Evolution. Nature.
Chesnutt, C. (1901). The Marrow of Tradition. Houghton Mifflin. Internet Archive
Copur-Gencturk, Y., Thacker, I., & Cimpian, J. R. (2023). Teachers’ race and gender biases and the moderating effects of their beliefs and dispositions. International Journal of STEM Education, 10(31). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-023-00420-z
Coates, T.-N. (2014). The Case for Reparations. The Atlantic
Crenshaw, K. (2019). Seeing race Again: Countering colorblindness across the disciplines. University of California Press.
Crenshaw, K. W. (1988). Race, reform, and retrenchment: Transformation and legitimation an anti-discrimination law. Harvard Law
Review, 101(7), 1331-1387.
Crenshaw, K. (1995). Critical Race Theory: The Key Writings That Formed the Movement. The New Press.
D’Andrea, M., & Daniels, J. (2020). Institutional racism and the need for critical dialogue in university settings. Education Policy Review,
35(1), 45-60.
DeCuir-Gunby, J. T., & Schutz, P. A. (2024). The evolution of race-focused and race- reimaged approaches in educational psychology:
Future directions for the field. Educational Psychology Review, 36, Article https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-024-09873-2
Delgado, R. (1989). Storytelling for oppositionists and others: A plea for narrative storytelling. Michigan Law Review,
(8)7https://ssrn.com/abstract=1577362.
Delgado, R., & Stefancic, J. (2017). Critical race theory: An Introduction (3rd ed.). New York University Press.
Diamond, J., & Gomez, A. (2020). The Socialization of White Supremacy in Education. Routledge.
Diamond, J. B., & Gomez, L. M. (2023). Disrupting white supremacy and anti-Black racism in educational organizations. Education
Researcher, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X231161054
Diop, C. A. (1981). The African Origin of Civilization: Myth or Reality. Lawrence Hill Books. Internet Archive.
Diop, C. A. (1987). Precolonial African Warfare. Chicago Review Press. Internet Archive
Diop, C. A. (1981). Civilization or Barbarism: Authentic Anthropology. Lawrence Hill Books Internet Archive.
Dixson, A. D., & Rousseau Anderson, C. (2018). Where are we? Critical race theory in education 20 years later. Peabody Journal of
Education, 93(1), 121–131 https://doi.org/10.1080/0161956X.2017.1403194.
Du Bois, W.E.B. (1903). The Souls of Black folk” by A. C. McClurg & Co., Chicago. Internet Archive,
Du Bois, W. E. B. (1899). The Philadelphia Negro: A social study. University of Pennsylvania Press. Internet Archive.
Duchesneau, F. (2023). Blumenbach on the varieties of the human species. Humankind and Humanity in the Philosophy of the
Enlightenment, 209. https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9781350142947_A47080903/preview-
9781350142947_A47080903.pdf
Duzgun, E. (2022). Radicalising global IR: Modernity, capitalism, and the question of Eurocentrism. The Chinese Journal of International
Politics, 15(3), 313–333. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjip/poac012
Douglass, F. (1845). Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. Anti- Slavery Office. Internet Archive
Evans, L., & Martinez, V. (2020). Racial constructs and their consequences: Unraveling the social construction of race. Journal of Ethnic
Studies, 38(2), 145–167. https://doi.org/10.1080/12345678.2020.1234567
Eze, E. C. (1997). Race and the Enlightenment: A Reader. Blackwell Publishing.Internet Archive.
Eze, E. C. (1997). The Color of Reason: The Idea of Race in Kant’s Anthropology. University of Minnesota Press. Internet Archive.
Fanon, F. (1952). Black Skin, White Masks. Grove Press. Internet Archive
Freire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the Oppressed. freire.pdf
Escayg, K. A. (2019). “Who’s got the power?” A critical examination of the anti-bias curriculum. International Journal of Early Childhood
Education Policy, 6(13), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40723-019-0062-9
Ford, D. Y. (2017). Culturally responsive classrooms: Addressing the achievement gap. Research Gate. EJ874024.pdf.
Gates Jr., H. L. (2014). Phillis Wheatley on Trial. Harvard University Press. Internet Archive.
Gates, H. L. Jr. (1988). The Signifying Monkey: A Theory of African American Literary Criticism. Oxford University Press. Internet Archive.
Gates, H. L. Jr. (1993). The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness. Harvard University Press. Internet Archive.
Gates, H. L., Jr., & McKay, N. Y. (Eds.). (1996). The Norton anthology of African American literature. W. W. Norton & Company. Internet
Archive.
García, J., & O’Donnell, J. (2022). Transformative ethnic studies in schools: Curriculum, pedagogy, and research. Teachers College Press
Garnet, H. H. (1843). An Address to the Slaves of the United States of America. National Negro Convention.
Gay, G. (2018). Culturally responsive teaching: Theory, research, and practice (3rd Ed.). Teachers College Press.
Gay, G. (2022). Using inquiry-based learning to create a culturally responsive classroom. ELT Weekly.
http://eltweekly.com/2022/05/using-inquiry-based-
Geary, D. C., & Xu, K. M. (2022). Evolution of self-awareness and the cultural emergence of academic and non-academic self-concepts.
Educational Psychology Review, 34(4) 2323-2349DOI: 10.1007/s10648-022-09669-2
Gildersleeve, R. E., Croom, N. N., & Vasquez, P. L. (2011). “Am I going crazy?!”: Critical race analysis of doctoral education. Equity &
Excellence in Education, 44(1), 93– https://doi.org/10.1080/10665684.2011.539472
Gildersleeve, R. E. (2022). Race and racism in higher education. About Campus, 27(4), 3-3. https://doi.org/10.1177/10864822221134355.
Givens, J. R. (2021). Fugitive pedagogy: Carter G. Woodson and the art of Black teaching. Harvard University Press.
https://doi.org/10.4159/9780674259102.
Gomez, F. (2021). Tracing Our Shared Genetic Heritage: The Role of Mitochondrial Eve. Journal of Genetic Anthropology
Gómez, R. F., Bennett, E., & Cammarota, J. (2023). The battle for curriculum: Arrested semantics and reconciling racism with critical race theory and ethnic studies. Race Ethnicity and Education, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/13613324.2023.2239726
Gomez, R., & White, S. (2021). Anti-racist pedagogy in higher education: A critical literature review. Journal of Critical Education Studies, 29(4), 37–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/987654321.2021.987654
Gooding, W.R. (2020). W.E.B. Du Bois, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://plato.stanford
edu/archives/spr2020/entries/dubois.
Gordon, W. R., Smith, J. A., & Lee, K. T. (2021). Developing the curriculum: Improved outcomes through systems approach (9th ed.). The
Pearson Educational Leadership Series.
Graves, J. L. Jr. (2014). The Emperor’s New Clothes: Biological Theories of Race. Rutgers University Press.
Groves, P. (2020). Critical race theory. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Educational
https://oxfordre.com/education/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190264093.001.0001/acrefore-9780190264093-e-1.
Grynaviski, J., & Munger, M. (2017). Reconstructing Racism: Transforming Racial Hierarchy from “Necessary Evil” into “Positive Good.”
Social Philosophy and Policy
Gutiérrez, G., & Müller, G. L. (2015). On the side of the poor: The theology of liberation. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Press.
Hammond, Z. (2023). Culturally responsive teaching and the brain: Promoting authentic engagement and rigor among culturally and
linguistically diverse students. Corwin.
Harmon, D. A. (2012). Culturally responsive teaching through a historical lens: Will history repeat itself? Interdisciplinary Journal of
Teaching and Learning, 2(1), 12–22. https://www.bing.com/search?q=harmon%2C+d.+a.+(2012).
Harper, S. R. (2023). Race without racism: How higher education researchers minimize racist institutional norms. Journal of Higher
Education, 94(2), 123–145.
Harris, C. I. (1993). Whiteness as property. Harvard Law Review, 106(8), 1707-1791
Harrison, F. V. (1991). Decolonizing Anthropology. American Anthropological Association.
Haque, F. (2016). Shakespeare’s The Tempest represents the themes of colonialism, racism and social hierarchy. The English Literature
Journal, 3(5), 738–741. http://english.aizeonpublishers.net/content/2016/5/eng738-741.pdf
Hayvon, J. C. (2024). Action against inequalities: A synthesis of social justice & equity, diversity and inclusion frameworks. International
Journal for Equity in Health, 23(1), DOI for the article is 10.1186/s12939-024-02141-3.
Heidegger, M. (1962). Being and Time (J. Macquarrie & E. Robinson, Trans.). Harper & Row. Internet Archive.
Hilliard, A. G. (2001). The Reawakening of African Consciousness. Third World Press.
Horne, G. (2014). The Counter-Revolution of 1776: Slave Resistance and the Origins of the United States of America.Internet Archive.
.Huggins, N. I. (1971). Harlem Renaissance. Oxford University Press. Internet Archive.
Hunter, T. (2023). Practicing culturally relevant pedagogy: A literature review of classroom implementation. Oxford University Press.
https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci10050124.
Hunwick, J. O. (1999). Timbuktu and the Songhay Empire: Al-Sa’di’s Ta’rikh Al-Sudan Down to 1613 and Other Contemporary Documents. Brill Academic Publishers. Internet Archive.
Hurston, Z. N. (1935). Mules and Men. J.B. Lippincott. Internet Archive.
Hurston, Z. N. (1937). Their Eyes Were Watching God. J.B. Lippincott. Internet Archive. PDF
Husserl, E. (1962). The crisis of European sciences and transcendental phenomenology. Northwestern University Press. Internet Archive.
Jablonski, N. G. (2012). Living Color: The Biological and Social Meaning of Skin Color. University of California Press. Internet Archive.
Jackson, J. G. (1970). Introduction to African Civilization. Citadel Press. Internet Archive.
Jackson, G. L. (1970). Blood is My Eye. University Press Internet Archive.
Jacobs, H. (1831). Incidents in the life of a slave girl. https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1103.Internet Archive.
James, G. G. M. (1954). Stolen Legacy: Greek Philosophy is Stolen Egyptian Philosophy. EWorld Publishing. Internet Archive.
Jefferson, T. (1785). Notes on the State of Virginia. J.W. Randolph. Internet Archive.
Kambon, K. (2019). The African Unconscious. Routledge Internet Arcive.
Karp, J. (2024). Slavery, abolition, emancipation, and freedom. Houghton Library. https://curiosity.lib.harvard.edu/slavery-abolition-
emancipation-and-freedom/feature/civil-war-1861-1865
Karp, J. (2011). Jim Crow and the American Education System. Cambridge University Press.
Kartsonaki, A. (2024). The strategic use of legitimizing norms in unilateral declarations of independence. Global Studies Quarterly, 4(2).
DOI: 10.1093/isagsq/ksae042.
Keay, K. (2022). White Lies Matter: The Evolution, Persistence, and Impact of Scientific Racism. Western Washington University Honors
Projects.
Kendi, I. X. (2020). Deconstructing Black-White Binary Thinking. One World Publications. Internet Archive.
Kendi, I. X. (2016). Stamped from the Beginning: The Definitive History of Racist Ideas in America. One World. Internet Press
King, J. L. (2017). Education research in the Black liberation tradition: Return what you learned to the people. Journal of Negro Education, 86(2), 95-114. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1215755
Koppelman, K. L. (2020). Understanding human differences:Multicultural education for a diverse America (6th Ed.). Pearson.
Ladson-Billings, G., & Tate, W. F. (1995). Toward a critical race theory of education. Teachers College Record, 97(1), 47-68.
https://doi.org/10.1177/016146819509700104
Ladson-Billings, G. (2021). Culturally relevant pedagogy: Celebrating 25 years of transforming education. American Educational
Research Journal, 57(1), 163-184.
Ladson-Billings, G. (1995). Toward a theory of culturally relevant pedagogy. American Educational Research Journal, 32(3), 465-491.
Ladson-Billings, G. (2021). The Dreamkeepers: Successful teachers of Black children (2nd ed.). Jossey-Bass.
Ladson-Billings, G. (2021). Three decades of culturally relevant, responsive, and sustaining pedagogy: What lies ahead? The Educational Forum, 85(4), 351- https://doi.org/10.1080/00131725.2021.1957632
Lamsal, H. L. (2024). Critical pedagogy in addressing social inequality and promoting social justice in education. Advances, 5(3), 77-83.
DOI: 10.11648/j.advances.20240503.12
Lawrence, S., & Hylton, K. (2022). Critical race theory, methodology, and semiotics: The analytical utility of a “race” conscious approach for visual qualitative research. Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies, 22(3), 255–265.
https://doi.org/10.1177/15327086221081829
Lazaridou, F., & Fernando, S. (2022). Deconstructing institutional racism and the social construction of whiteness: A strategy for
professional competence training in culture and migration mental health. Transcultural Psychiatry, 59(2), 175–
Ledesma, M. C., & Calderón, D. (2015). Critical race theory in education: A review of the past literature and a look to the future.
Qualitative Inquiry, 21(3), 206–222. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077800414557825.
Lee, C. N. (2022). Beyond the four frames of colorblind ideology: Theorizing the impact of colorblind racism on Black millennials’ racial
views. Phylon, 59(1), 3–24. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27150912.
Leonardo, Z. (2009). Race, Whiteness, and Education. Routledge.
Linebaugh, P., & Rediker, M. (2000). The Many-Headed Hydra: Sailors, Slaves, Commoners, and the Hidden History of the Revolutionary Atlantic. Beacon Press.
Li, H., & Okafor, C. (2022). Revisiting historical narratives: Deconstructing false constructs in world history. History and Memory, 34(3),
191–210. https://doi.org/10.1093/hm/34.3.191
Lin, J. C. P. (2023). Exposing the chameleon-like nature of racism: A multidisciplinary look at critical race theory in higher education.
Higher Education 85(1), 1085–1100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-022-00879-9.
Lopes, I. (2018). African Contributions to Global Medicine. Oxford University Press
Lynch, W. (1712). The Willie Lynch letter and the making of a slave. Long Island City, NY: African Tree Press.
https://archive.org/details/willielynchlette0000lyn.c
Marks, J. (2017). Human Biodiversity: Genes, Race, and History. Routledge. Internet Archive Matsuda, M. J., Lawrence, C. R., Delgado, R., & Crenshaw, K. W. (1993). Words that wound: Critical race theory, Assaultive speech, and the First amendment.
Westview Press.
Mba, C (2018). Philosophy and the Rise of ultra-nationalism in contemporary Euro-American politics, Afo-ecology, The Journal of Pan-
African Studies .11(8) HTTP: www.japanafrican.org/docs/- Mba-final.pdf.
McCarthy, T. (2018). Critical Philosophy of Race: Kant, Hegel, and Du Bois. University of Minnesota Press. Internet Archive.
McDougal, S. (2014). Africana studies’ epistemic identity: An analysis of theory and epistemology. Discipline. Journal of Black Studies,
18(2), 236–250. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43525547.
Meer, N. (2019). W. E. B. Du Bois, double consciousness, and the ‘spirit’ of recognition. The Sociological Review, 67(1), 47-62.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0038026118765370.
Merleau-Ponty, M. (1945). Phenomenology of perception. Éditions Gallimard. PDF.
Miller, J. C. (2012). The Problem of Slavery as History. Yale University Press. Internet Archive.
Mills, C. (2017). Deconstructing Racism in White Consciousness. Oxford University Press. Internet Archive.PDF
Morning, A. (2008). Everyone knows it’s a social construct: Contemporary science and the nature of race. Sociological Theory, 26(3), 232- 257 https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2007.10571319
Nardo, A. (2021). Exploring a Vygotskian theory of education and its evolutionary foundations. Educational Theory, 71(3), 331- 349.
https://doi.org/10.1111/edth.12345.
Nasar, J. (2018). W.E.B. Du Bois, double consciousness, and the spirit of recognition. The Sociological Review, 66(1), 1-43.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0038026118765370.
Nasar, S. (2021). Recognition and Race. Harvard University Press.
Nasir, T. (2024). Reframing the narrative: Challenging Eurocentrism in modern world economic historiography. Intellectual Discourse,
32(2), Article 2182. https://doi.org/10.31436/id.v32i2.2182
Norris, K. (2022). The theological origins of white supremacy: In witnessing whiteness. Oxford Academic Press.
https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190055813.003.0003. Internet Archive
Oakland Literacy Coalition. (2023). Our Impact. https://oaklandliteracycoalition.org/our-work/our-impact/
Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2019). Annual report 2019: Human rights- based actions bring tangible results.
Retrieved https://www.ohchr.org/en/stories/2020/06/annual-report-2019-human-rights-based-
Omi, M., & Winant, H. (2014). Racial Formation in the United States. Routledge. Internet Archive.
Osei, A. (2023). Decolonizing knowledge: Reclaiming African contributions to global intellectual history. African Studies Review, 66(1), 22– 45. https://doi.org/10.1017/ASR.2023.003
Paris, D., & Alim, H. S. (2023). Culturally sustaining pedagogies: Teaching and learning for justice in a changing world. World. Teachers
College Press.
PBS Resource Bank (2005). David Walker’s Revolutionary Writings.
PBS Resource Bank (2005). Henry Highland Garnet’s Call for Slave Revolt.
PBS Resource Bank (2005). Maria Stewart’s Contributions to Abolition.
PBS Stewart, M. (1831). Political and Religious Lectures. Garrison and Knapp.
PBS Walker, D. (1829). Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World. John Ball Printing Office.
Ramdeholl, D., & Jones, J. (2023). Confronting institutionalized racism in higher education: Counternarratives for racial justice. New York, NY: Routledge.
Rentzi, A. (2023). Social justice in education: Creating an inclusive culture at schools through critical multicultural theory. European
Journal of Education and Pedagogy, 5(1), 1- https://ej-edu.org/index.php/ejedu/article/view/802 [3](http.
Rivera, M., & Johnson, K. (2020). Intersectionality in curriculum: Decolonizing Eurocentric history. Curriculum Inquiry, 50(1), 45–64.
https://doi.org/10.1080/14678688.2020.1765432
Rodney, W. (1972). How Europe Underdeveloped Africa. Howard University Press.
Roediger, D. (1998). The Wages of Whiteness: Race and the Making of the American Working Class. Verso Books. Internet Archive.
Roediger, D. R. (1998). Black on White: Black writers on what it means to be White. Schocken Books. Internet Archive.
Rosenberg, J. (2019). Epistemology: A Contemporary Introduction. Routledge. Internet Archive.
Sandals, D. (2023). Ain’t no achievement gap: Anti-literacy laws and the literacy divide. Journal of Black Studies, 27(7), 172-186.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12111-023-09678-9
Sandals, M. (2023). The Decline of Literacy Among Enslaved Black People. Oxford University Press. Internet Archive.
Singh, R., & Brown, T. (2021). Challenging dominant narratives: A comparative analysis of colonial and postcolonial epistemologies.
Postcolonial Studies Quarterly, 17(2), 134– https://doi.org/10.1080/14608944.2021.1589476
Skibba, R. (2019, May 20). The disturbing resilience of scientific racism: How racist biases continue to maintain a foothold in research
today. Scientific American.
Scott-Jones, G. (2020). The traumatic impact of structural racism on Blacks. Delaware Journal of Public Health, 6(5), 80-82.
https://doi.org/10.32481/djph.2020.11.019
Sleeter, C. E., & Carmona, J. F. (2021). Un-standardizing curriculum: Multicultural teaching in the standards-based classroom. Teachers
College Record, 123(2), 1-25.
Smedley, A. (1999). Race in North America: Origin and Evolution of Worldview. Westview Press. Internet Archive.
Smith, W. A., & Harper, S. R. (2021). Racial battle fatigue in higher education: Exposing the myth of post-racial America. Rowman &
Littlefield.
Solomos, J., & Back, L. (2020). Theories of race and racism: A Reader (2nd ed.). Routledge.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003060802.Inyernet Archive
Solórzano, D. G., & Yosso, T. J. (2023). Critical race methodology: Counter-storytelling as an analytical framework for educational
research. Routledge
Templeton, A. R. (1998). Human Races: A Genetic Reality or Social Myth? American Anthropologist. Internet Archive
Thomas, D. S. P., & Quinlan, K. M. (2023). Reimagining curricula: Effects of cultural insensitivity of curricula on racially minoritized
students’ engagement. Studies in Higher Education, 48(2), 283–298. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2022.2134332
theory and research (39). Springer International Publishing.
Tolay, J. (2021). Inadvertent reproduction of Eurocentrism in IR: The politics of critiquing Eurocentrism. Review of International Studies,
47(Special Issue 5), 692–713. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210521000176
Tsosie, R. (2022). Institutional racism and the ethics of inclusion: What does justice require to transform institutions of higher education?
In J. McGregor & M. C. Navin (Eds.), Education, inclusion, and justice (11). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-
04013-9.
Turner, J.-J. (2021). Ripples of time: Memoir of a former Black Panther. Hotep Book Publishing. Internet Archine
Ugur, H., Constantinescu, P.M., & Stevens, M.J. (2015). Self-awareness and personal growth: Theory and application of Bloom’s
taxonomy. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 60, 89-110. Doi: 10.14689/ejer.2015.60.6.
Van Lamoen, P. M., Meeuwisse, M., Hiemstra, A. M. F., Arends, L. R., & Severiens, S. E. (2024). Supporting students’ transition to higher
education: the effects of a pre-academic program on sense of belonging, academic self-efficacy, and academic
achievement. European Journal of Higher Education, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568235.2024.2331122
Van Manen, M. (1990). Researching lived experience: Human science for an action sensitive pedagogy. SUNY Press. Internet Archive.
Van Sertima, I. (1976). They Came Before Columbus. Random House. Press. Internet Archive. Random House.
Van Sertima, I. (2009). The Lost Sciences of Africa: An Overview. Transaction Publishers. Internet Archive.
Wah, Y. L., & Nasri, N. B. M. (2019). A systematic review: The effect of culturally responsive pedagogy on student learning and
achievement. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(5).
https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v9-i5/5907
Wallace, B. (2022). Black critical theory in action: Analyzing the specificity of (anti)Blackness. Black Studies, 26(4), 375-392.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12111-022-09594-2
Walker, R. (2011). When we ruled: The ancient and medieval history of Black civilization’s. Black Classic Press.
Walker, R. (2014b). The rise and fall of Black Wall Street and the seven key empowerment principles. CreateSpace Independent
Publishing Platform. Internet Archive.
Walker, R. (2025). African ancient origins: Stories of people & civilization. Flame Tree Collections. Internet Archive
Warikoo, N., Sinclair, S., Fei, J., & Jacoby-Senghor, D. (2016). Examining racial bias in education: A new approach. Educational
Researcher, 45(9), 508-https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X16683408
Weir, K. (2016). Inequality at school: What is behind the racial disparity in our educational system? American Psychological
Association.47(10), 42. https://www.apa.org/monitor/2016/11/cover-inequality-school
Williams, E. R. (2018). First things first: Privilege, power, and pedagogy: The antecedent of assessment (equity response). Urbana, IL:
University of Illinois and Indiana University, National Institute for learning Outcomes Assessment (NILOA).
Williams, C. (1976). The Destruction of Black Civilization: Great Issues of a Race from 4500 B.C. to 2000 A.D. Third World Press. Internet Archive.
Williams, E. (1994). Capitalism and Slavery. University of North Carolina Press. Internet Archive
Woodson, C.G. (1933). The miseducation of the negro http://www.jpanafrican.org/ebooks/3.4eBookThe%20Mis Education.pdf
Woodson, C. G., & Snyder, J. A. (2015). Progressive education in Black and white: Rereading Carter G. Woodson’s The miseducation of the Negro. History of Education Quarterly, 55(3), 273–293. https://doi.org/10.1111/hoeq.12122
Yawp, A. (1860). Harriet Jacobs on Rape and Slavery. Internet Archives.
Zack, N. (1997). Ideas of Race in the History of Modern Philosophy. Blackwell Publishing.
ATEP 2025: A Transformational Education Project
Deconstructing Racism Through Transformational Education
+1 (704) 400-0332
Charlotte, North Carolina